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World Wide Web Frequently Asked Questions
This document resides on the World Wide Web on Sunsite (URL is
http://sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/faq/www_faq.html ).
If you are unfamiliar with the term RURLS, read on and learn!
Last update: 1/23/95
Content work?
% 5.7.9: How can I restrict and control access to my server?
% 5.7.10: Which format is better for WWW images, JPEG or GIF?
% 5.7.11: How can I mirror part of another server?
% 5.7.12: How can I keep robots off my server?
% 5.7.13: How can I kean I create decent-looking tables and stop using
...
?
% 5.7.6: What is HTML Level 3 and where can I learn more about it?
% 5.7.7: How can I make interlaced and transparent GIFs? And what are they?
% 5.7.8: How come mailto: URLs donUnew page?
% 5.7.3: Where can I learn how to create fill-out forms?
% 5.7.3.1: How can I create hidden fields in forms (keeping state)?
% 5.7.3.2: How can users email me through their browsers?
% 5.7.4: How do I comment an HTML document?
% 5.7.5: How cpublicize my work?
% 5.5: Can I buy space on an existing server?
% 5.6: How fast does my net connection have to be?
% 5.7: Advanced Provider Questions
% 5.7.1: How do I set up a clickable image map?
% 5.7.2: How do I make a RlinkS that doesnUt load a Servers
% 5.2.7: VM/CMS Servers
% 5.2.8: Yeah, but which is best?
% 5.3: Producing HTML documents
% 5.3.1: Writing HTML directly
% 5.3.2: HTML editors
% 5.3.3: Converting other formats to HTML
% 5.3.4: Checking your HTML for errors
% 5.4: How do I ow can I provide information to the web?
% 5.2: Obtaining Servers
% 5.2.1: Unix Servers
% 5.2.2: Macintosh Servers
% 5.2.3: MS Windows, IBM OS/2 and MS Windows NT Servers
% 5.2.4: MSDOS and Novell Netware Servers
% 5.2.5: VMS Servers
% 5.2.6: Amiga Hey, I know, IUll write a WWW-exploring robot! Why not?
% 4.11: How do I send newsgroup posts in HTML to my web client?
% 4.12: I canUt get SLIP. I want Mosaic. Is there a way? (YES!)
% 5: Providing Information to the Web (Provider Questions)
% 5.1: How can I save an inline image to disk?
% 4.7: How can I get sound from the PC speaker with WinMosaic?
% 4.8: I have a Windows PC (or a Macintosh). Why canUt I open WAIS URLs?
% 4.9: IUm running XMosaic. Why canUt I get external viewers working?
% 4.10:de RbrowsersS
% 4.4: How can I access the web through a firewall?
% 4.5: What is on the web?
% 4.5.1: How do I find out whatUs new on the web?
% 4.5.2: Where is the subject catalog of the web?
% 4.5.3: How can I search through ALL web sites?
% 4.6: Hrowsers
% 4.3.2: MSDOS browsers
% 4.3.3: Macintosh browsers
% 4.3.4: Amiga browsers
% 4.3.5: NeXTStep browsers
% 4.3.6: X/DecWindows (graphical UNIX, VMS) browsers
% 4.3.7: Text-based Unix and VMS browsers
% 4.3.8: VM/CMS browsers
% 4.3.9: Batch-mo.5: Are there books about the web?
% 4: Accessing the Web (User Questions)
% 4.1: Introduction: How can I access the web? (Even by email!)
% 4.2: Browsers Accessible by Telnet
% 4.3: Obtaining browsers
% 4.3.1: MS Windows, IBM OS/2 and MS Windows NT b
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ ts
% 1: Recent changes to the FAQ
% 2: Information about this document
% 3: Elementary Questions
% 3.1: What are WWW, hypertext and hypermedia?
% 3.2: What is a URL?
% 3.3: What are SGML and HTML?
% 3.4: How does WWW compare to gopher and WAIS?
% 3ep statistics about my web site?
% 5.7.14: How can I generate web pages on the fly from a program?
% 5.7.14.1: How can I generate GIF images on the fly from my CGI programs?
% 6: Where can I discuss the Web?
% 6.1: USENET Newsgroups
% 6.2: Mailing Lists
% 7: I want to know more.
% 8: Credits
1: Recent additions and changes to the FAQ
% Added htmlchek to validation section
% Added information on interlaced GIFs
% Added information on the WN Server
% Added information on CGI script authoring
% you can usually Rjust click
on itS to read further detail. In fact, documents can be and often are linked
to other documents by completely different authors -- much like footnoting,
but you can get the referenced document instantly!
To access the web, WWW project, started by CERN (the
European Laboratory for Particle Physics), seeks to build a distributed
hypermedia system.
The advantage of hypertext is that in a hypertext document, if you want more
information about a particular subject mentioned,Please excuse any formatting inconsistencies in the
posted version of this document, as it is automatically generated from the
on-line version.
3: Elementary questions
3.1: What are WWW, hypertext and hypermedia?
WWW stands for RWorld Wide WebS. Thecom.
In all cases, regard this document as out of date. Definitive information
should be on the web, and static versions such as this should be considered
unreliable at best. The most up-to-date version of the FAQ is the version
maintained on the web. o listproc@www0.cern.ch
with the following single line in the body (leave the subject blank):
source http://sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/faq/www_faq.html
Thomas Boutell maintains this document. Feedback about it is to be sent via
e-mail to boutell@netcom.it.edu with:
send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources
in the body (not subject line) of your message, instead of asking me.
If you want the HTML version but are located behind a firewall, you can
acquire it from CERNUs WWW email server. Send mail tom.com in the
directory pub/bo/boutell/faq.
In addition, the most recently posted version of this document is kept on the
news.answers archive on rtfm.mit.edu in /pub/usenet/news.answers/www/faq. For
information on FTP, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mand what this term means.) If
you run a mirror site which automatically mirrors this document, please
submit the URL for inclusion in the list of mirrors. Thanks to both Sunsite
and Glocom.
This document is also available by anonymous FTP from ftp.netc
and best version is always available on the web as
http://sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/faq/www_faq.html , and is mirrored in Japan
(URL is http://www.glocom.ac.jp/mirror/sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/faq/www_faq.html ).
(see section 3.2, RWhat is a URL?S to understww.users, comp.infosystems.www.providers,
comp.infosystems.www.announce, comp.infosystems.www.misc,
comp.infosystems.gopher, comp.infosystems.wais and alt.hypertext every four
days (please allow a day or two for it to propagate to your site). The latestolUs RThe Whole InternetS or REFFUs
Guide to the InternetS. The latter is available electronically by anonymous
FTP from ftp.eff.org in the directory pub/Net_info/EFF_Net_Guide.
This informational document is posted to news.answers,
comp.infosystems.wthe
concepts, software and access methods. It is aimed at people who know a
little about navigating the Internet, but want to know more about WWW
specifically. If you donUt think you are up to this level, try an
introductory Internet book such as Ed Kr
% IBM OS/2 WebExplorer
% MapMaker: From xvUs Visual Schnauzer to an imagemap
% Added comp.infosystems.www.announce
% Added the Arena browser
()
2: Information about this document
This is an introduction to the World Wide Web project, describing Added information on the gd GIF-generating library
% Updated email links section
% More books!
% Slipknot section updated
% GLACI-HTTPD, a WWW server for Novell Netware
% WWW mailing lists section
% Updated URL for Gabriel WhiteUs HTML editor reviewsyou run a browser program. The browser reads documents,
and can fetch documents from other sources. Information providers set up
hypermedia servers which browsers can get documents from.
The browsers can, in addition, access files by FTP, NNTP (the Internet news
protocol), gopher and an ever-increasing range of other methods. On top of
these, if the server has search capabilities, the browsers will permit
searches of documents and databases.
The documents that the browsers display are hypertext docummass, with new
commercial and noncommercial sites appearing daily.
3.5: Are there books about the web?
Yes, quite a few. A brief list follows. New entries are solicited. Please
include ISBN numbers and/or ordering information.
The Mosaic Handbook eyond Gopher usage in the last few months,
according to the statistics-keepers of the Internet backbone. (Of course,
World Wide Web browsers can also access Gopher servers, which inflates the
numbers for the latter.) WWW has long since reached critical ypertext document without links, searches
are the same, telnet sessions are the same) and WAIS (a WAIS index is a
searchable page, returning a document with no links) data models as well as
providing extra functionality.
World Wide Web usage grew far bx and everything that is returned from the index is a document. In
WWW, everything is a (possibly) hypertext document which may be searchable.
In practice, this means that WWW can represent the gopher (a menu is a list
of links, a gopher document is a hgopher and WAIS?
While all three of these information presentation systems are client-server
based, they differ in terms of their model of data. In gopher, data is either
a menu, a document, an index or a telnet connection. In WAIS, everything is
an inde/tei-tocs?div=DIV1%26id=SG ), a document
provided by the Text Encoding Initiative. (Note: Some browsers apparently
crash on this URL. ThereUs nothing wrong with the document; try another
browser if you have problems.)
3.4: How does WWW compare to sed to define particular markup
languages for particular purposes. HTML is just a specific application of
SGML. You can learn more about SGML, and the rationale behind HTML, by
reading A Gentle Introduction to SGML (URL is
http://etext.virginia.edu/binnts on the World Wide Web are written in a simple Rmarkup language
called HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language. See section 5.3 for
more information about creating HTML documents for use on the web.
SGML is a much broader language which is u
command to try a URL is RGO URLS (substitute the actual URL of course). In
Lynx you just select the RGOS link on the first page you see; in graphical
browsers, thereUs usually an ROpen URLS option in the menus.
3.3: What are SGML and HTML?
Documemachine:port
is also valid).
When you are told to Rcheck out this URLS, what to do next depends on your
browser; please check the help for your particular browser. For the line-mode
browser at CERN, which you will quite possibly use first via telnet, thelt.hypertext
% telnet://dra.com
The first part of the URL, before the colon, specifies the access method. The
part of the URL after the colon is interpreted specific to the access method.
In general, two slashes after the colon indicate a machine name (n the Internet, such as a file or newsgroup.
URLs look like this: (file: and ftp: URLs are synonymous.)
% file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip
% ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors
% http://info.cern.ch:80/default.html
% news:am with pointers to
other media. This means that browsers might not display a text file, but
might display images or sound or animations.
3.2: What is a URL?
URL stands for RUniform Resource LocatorS. It is a draft standard for
specifying an object oents. Hypertext is
text with pointers to other text. The browsers let you deal with the pointers
in a transparent way -- select the pointer, and you are presented with the
text that is pointed to.
Hypermedia is a superset of hypertext -- it is any mediu(Mac, Windows and X editions)
From OUReilly. A short, sweet guide to the World Wide Web from a Mosaic
userUs perspective. Mac and Windows versions Include Enhanced NCSA Mosaic on
floppy disk; the X Window System version includes NCSA Mosaic on CD-ROM.
Telnet or gopher to gopher.ora.com (log in as gopher) or find details on the
web (URL is http://gnn.com/ora/ ). Wherever fine X Window System books and
Nutshell Guides are sold.
The World Wide Web Unleashed
From Sams Publishing. By John December and NYou have three options: use a browser on your own machine (the best option),
use a browser that can be telnetted to (not as good), or access the web by
email (the least attractive, but for some itUs the only way). It is always
best to run a browser on yp. ISBN: 0-7897-0016-6.
Mosaic UserUs Guide
From MIS Press. By Bryan Pfaffenberger. ISBN: 1-55828-409-5.
Using Mosaic for Windows
From Electric Avenue Press. By Stephen Gauer. ISBN: 0-969-8853-0-X.
4.1: Introduction: how can I access the web?
d HTML and, of course, the obligatory
directory of Web sites.
Using Mosaic
From Que. Ed. by Que Development Group. ISBN: 0-7897-0021-2. Covers NCSA
Mosaic for Windows and the Macintosh.
Using the World Wide Web
From Que. Ed. by Que Development Groua
special version of Enhanced NCSA Mosaic for Windows with built-in TCP/IP
Winsock and dialer, and an automated configuration program (hence
Rplug-n-playS). The book is an introduction to Mosaic and the Web with some
coverage of creating a home page an Morris. Jan 1995. ISBN: 0-13-359290-1.
NCSA Mosaic Handbook
From Prentice Hall. By Amy K. Kreiling & Frank Baker. Jan 1995. ISBN:
0-13-196692-8.
Plug-n-Play Mosaic for Windows
From Sams. By Angela Gunn. ISBN 0-672-30627-1. 300 pages. Disks include L, imagemaps and
the like. Also covers other types of Internet services.
Hands-On Mosaic: A Guide for Window Users
From Prentice Hall. By Dr. David Sachs & Henry Stair. ISBN: 0-13-172321-9.
HTML Authoring for Fun & Profit
From Prentice Hall. By Maryoddard
Managing Internet Information Services
From OUReilly and Associates. By Cricket Liu, Jerry Peek, Russ Jones, Bryan
Buus & Adrian Nye. A good choice for those who will be installing and
maintaining WWW servers; also includes documentation on HTM-259-1.
MOSAIC Quick Tour
From Ventana Press. By Gareth Branwyn. A good guide to installing and using
NCSA Mosaic under Windows. Includes basic HTML and trouble-shooting chapters.
RMore hand-holding than the FAQ and gives lots of details.S - Mari J.
St Internet via Mosaic and World-Wide Web
From Ziff-Davis Press. By Steve Browne. Details on obtaining Mosaic and
Trumpet Winsock, getting it all set up, and what to do with it once it works.
A chapter of interesting sites on the Web as well. ISBN: 1-56276r +1-317-581-3500 for
ordering information.
The HTML Manual of Style
From Ziff-Davis Press. By Larry Aronson. Chapters: introduction to the WWW,
the HTML language, writing HTML documents, and HTML examples. 120 pages.
Available in December 1994.
The web. ISBN: 0-672-30667-0. 400 pages. Includes
information on setting up servers and handling forms results as well as HTML
writing and editing. (URL is: http://slack.lne.com/lemay/theBook/index.html )
Available December 22nd, 1994. Call 1-800-428-5331 oata on the web. ISBN: 1-850-32141-8 (New York),
0-442-01962-9 (London). Available in December 1994.
Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML in a Week
From Sams Publishing. By Laura Lemay. Also oriented toward those who plan to
publish materials on thes.
ISBN: 0-672-30617-4. Call 1-800-428-5331 or +1-317-581-3500 for ordering
information.
Spinning the Web: How to Provide Information on the Internet
From Van Nostrand Reinhold. By Andrew Ford. Oriented toward those with an
interest in putting their deil Randall. Additional chapters
contributed by others; I wrote the chapter on HTML editors and filters.
Covers both user and provider issues in detail. Supporting pages available on
the web (URL is http://www.rpi.edu/~decemj/works/wwwu.html ). 1057 pageour own machine, unless you absolutely cannot do
so; but feel free to telnet to a browser for your first look at the web, or
use email if the telnet command does not work on your system (try it first!).
Note that Ryour machineS can be defined as a system you dial into from home,
such as netcom or another account provider. Running a text-based browser on
such a system is still preferable to telnetting to a faraway site.
The following sections cover telnetting to a browser and obtaining your own
browserys images
incrementally while you read pages, which also display incrementally, making
it the best browser at the time of this writing for those who connect to the
web via modems. Also supports many extensions to HTML, although not all
conform to the pdows/Mosaic.
WinWeb
From EINet. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.einet.net in the directory
/einet/pc/winweb as the file winweb.zip.
Netscape
From Netscape Communications Corp (URL is:
http://home.mcom.com/info/index.html ). Downloads and displabrowser if you cannot do so.
Cello
Browser from Cornell LII. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.law.cornell.edu
in the directory /pub/LII/cello.
Mosaic for Windows
From NCSA. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu in the directory
PC/Win), a product which simulates SLIP through your dialup Unix shell account.
If you only have non-Unix based dialup shell access, or have no PC at home,
your best option at this time is to run Lynx on the VMS (or Unix, or...)
system you call, or telnet to a tion. SLIP or PPP
can be accomplished over phone lines. You can do this one of two ways: using
a proper SLIP account, which requires the active cooperation of your network
provider or educational institution, or using The Internet Adapter (section
4.12ml .
4.3.1: Microsoft Windows browsers
NOTE: Most of these browsers require that you have SLIP, PPP or other TCP/IP
networking on your PC. The sole exception is SlipKnot, which has limited
features but operates well without a proper Internet connecs
The preferred method of access of the Web is to run a browser yourself.
Browsers are available for many platforms, both in source and executable
forms. Here is a list generated from the authoritative list,
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Clients.htuse from nearby.
info.funet.fi
(or telnet 128.214.6.102). Log in as www. Offers several browsers, including
Lynx (goto option is disabled there also).
fserv.kfki.hu
Hungary. Has slow link, use from nearby. Login is as www.
4.3: Obtaining browserchnology. USA.
www.huji.ac.il
A dual-language Hebrew/English database, with links to the rest of the world.
The line mode browser, plus extra features. Log in as www. Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Israel.
sun.uakom.cs
Slovakia. Has a slow link, only r system if your administrator has not done so
already. The best plain-text browser, so move mountains if necessary to get
your own copy of Lynx!
www.njit.edu
(or telnet 128.235.163.2) Log in as www. A full-screen browser in New Jersey
Institute of Teorg
A telnettable browser provided by the W3 coalition.
www.cc.ukans.edu
Offers Lynx, a full screen browser which requires a vt100 terminal. Log in as
www. Does not allow users to RgoS to arbitrary URLs, so GET YOUR OWN COPY of
Lynx and install it on you
send http://www.earn.net/gnrt/www.html
4.2: Browsers accessible by telnet
An up-to-date list of these is available on the Web as
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/FAQ/Bootstrap.html and should be regarded
as an authoritative list.
telnet.w3.first fails) containing the following single line.
(What you put on the subject line doesnUt matter; blank is OK. This line
should go in the text of the message.) You will receive as a reply a simple
page intended to help you learn more about the Web.
; if neither of these are possible for you (because you have only an
email-and-news connection to the Internet), here is how to access a web page
by email:
Send email to server@mail.w3.org (preferred) or to listserv@info.cern.ch
(older address if the roposed standard. Netscape is a commercial product but can be
evaluated free of charge for an unlimited period of time by individuals.
Netscape supports some of the official extended HTML tags as well as its own
variations. The 16-bit version works under both OS/2 and Windows. Available
by anonymous FTP from the following sites (use the mirror closest to you; see
the URL above for the latest list):
% ftp://ftp.mcom.com/netscape/
% ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/info-service/www/mcc/
% ftp://ftp.digital.cur PC has an Ethernet
connection, or you have SLIP, you should be able to use it. DosLynx can view
GIF images, but not when they are inline images (as of this writing). See the
README.HTM file at the DosLynx site for details. You can obtain DosLynx by
anr telnet to a
browser if you cannot do so.
DosLynx
DosLynx is an excellent text-based browser for use on DOS systems. You must
have a level 1 packet driver, or an emulation thereof, or you will only be
able to browse local files; essentially, if yosection 4.12), a product which simulates SLIP
through your dialup Unix shell account. If you only have non-Unix based
dialup shell access, or have no PC at home, your best option at this time is
to run Lynx on the VMS (or Unix, or...) system you call, oorking on your PC. SLIP or PPP can be accomplished over phone lines. You
can do this one of two ways: using a proper SLIP account, which requires the
active cooperation of your network provider or educational institution, or
using The Internet Adapter (visual map of your
exploration of the web. IBM WebExplorer can be acquired by anonymous FTP from
ftp01.ny.us.ibm.net in the directory pub/WebExplorer/ .
4.3.2: MSDOS browsers
NOTE: These browsers require that you have SLIP, PPP or other TCP/IP
netwww.interport.net/slipknot/slipknot.html ) or send a blank
email message to slipknot@micromind.com.
IBM OS/2 WebExplorer
A native IBM OS/2 web browser. WebExplorer is a multithreaded application and
replaces the usual RbackS and RforwardS buttons with a rnative to forms.) You can obtain
SlipKnot by anonymous FTP from ftp.netcom.com in the directory
pub/pbrooks/slipknot or from oak.oakland.edu in the directory
SimTel/win3/internet. For more information, see the SlipKnot information page
(URL is http://w your Unix shell account. (However, it is lacking certain
important features as a result, such as forms and validation; this will keep
you from accessing some web pages. SlipKnot does support the tag,
which many sites support as a simpler altepKnot supports
multiple fonts, inline images, and review of documents you have already
received while new documents arrive, and it operates entirely through your
regular Unix shell account. SlipKnot does not require that you install any
new software onn two simultaneous connections, however.
SlipKnot
SlipKnot is the only graphical WWW browser that operates entirely without
SLIP, PPP, an Ethernet connection, or special server-side software (but
consider TIA, section 4.12 for another workaround). Slibrowser, which
costs $99. Booklink can open many simultaneous connections in different
windows and display images and pages progressively; at the time of this
writing it is the only browser to equal Netscape in this area. The Rlite
version can only opeWorks under Windows and OS/2. Supports the mailto: URL, transparent GIFs, ALT
tags, hierarchical hotlists, etc.
Booklink
From Booklink. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.booklink.com in the
directory lite; this is a demonstration version of the full Netscape/
Spry Mosaic
From Spry. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.spry.com in the directory
AirMosaicDemo as the file AMOSDEMO.EXE. Spry Mosaic is a commercial product
but a demonstration version is available and can be registered inexpensively.
om/pub/net/infosys/Netscape/
% ftp://ftp.icsi.net/pub/packages/netscape/
% ftp://www.sandia.gov/Netscape/
% ftp://lark.cc.ukans.edu/Netscape/
% ftp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/pub/netscape/
% ftp://ftp.meer.net/pub/Netscape/
% ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/onymous FTP from ftp2.cc.ukans.edu in the directory pub/WWW/DosLynx; the
URL is ftp://ftp2.cc.ukans.edu/pub/WWW/DosLynx/.
4.3.3: Macintosh browsers
NOTE: These browsers require that you have SLIP, PPP or other TCP/IP
networking on your PC. SLIP or PPP can be accomplished over phone lines. You
can do this one of two ways: using a proper SLIP account, which requires the
active cooperation of your network provider or educational institution, or
using The Internet Adapter (section 4.12), a product whiuiuc.edu in the directory Mosaic.
NCSA Mosaic for VMS
Browser using X11/DecWindows/Motif. For the VMS operating system. Full http
1.0 support including PUT-method forms, image maps, etc. Probably the best
browser available for VMS. Available by anonymwsers
NCSA Mosaic for X
Unix browser using X11/Motif. The original multimedia browser. Full http 1.0
support including PUT-method forms, image maps, etc. Recent beta versions
have limited support for tables. Available by anonymous FTP from
ftp.ncsa.wser/editor for NeXTStep. Currently out of date; editor not operational.
Allows wysiwyg hypertext editing. Requires NeXTStep 3.0. Available for
anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch in the directory /pub/www/src.
4.3.6: X/DecWindows (graphical UNIX, VMS) broy pub/software.
OmniWeb
A World Wide Web browser for NeXTStep. The URL for more information is
http://www.omnigroup.com/; you can ftp the package from ftp.omnigroup.com in
the /pub/software/ directory.
WorldWideWeb, CERNUs NeXT Browser-Editor
A broserver products for the NeXT. The browsers listed here, by contrast,
are native NeXTStep applications.
SpiderWoman
A brand-new (as of 12/94), multithreaded, graphical browser for NeXTStep.
Available by anonymous FTP from sente.epfl.ch in the director
http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/AMosaic/home.html .
Emacs-W3
The Emacs-W3 browser works under Gnu Emacs on the Amiga (see section 4.3.7).
4.3.5: NeXTStep browsers
Note: NeXTStep systems can also run X-based browsers using one of the widely
used X s Mosaic. Supports older Amigas as well as
the newer machines in the latest versions; available for anonymous ftp from
max.physics.sunysb.edu in the directory /pub/amosaic, or from aminet sites in
/pub/aminet/comm/net. see the site for details. See the URLfile mac.
MacWeb
From EINet. Has features that Mosaic lacks; lacks some features that Mosaic
has. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.einet.net in the directory
einet/mac/macweb.
4.3.4: Amiga browsers
AMosaic
Browser for AmigaOS, based on NCSAUukans.edu/Netscape/
% ftp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/pub/netscape/
% ftp://ftp.meer.net/pub/Netscape/
% ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/Netscape/
Samba
From CERN. Basic. Available by anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch in the
directory /ftp/pub/www/bin as the est list):
% ftp://ftp.mcom.com/netscape/
% ftp://ftp.uu.net/networking/info-service/www/mcc/
% ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/net/infosys/Mosaic_Comm/Netscape/
% ftp://ftp.icsi.net/pub/packages/netscape/
% ftp://www.sandia.gov/Netscape/
% ftp://lark.cc.o the proposed standard. Netscape is a commercial product but can be
evaluated free of charge for an unlimited period of time by individuals.
Available by anonymous FTP from the following sites (use the mirror closest
to you; see the URL above for the lat displays images
incrementally while you read pages, which also display incrementally, making
it the best browser at the time of this writing for those who connect to the
web via modems. Also supports many extensions to HTML, although not all
conform tu cannot do so.
Mosaic for Macintosh
From NCSA. Full featured. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu
in the directory Mac/Mosaic.
Netscape
From Netscape Communications Corp (URL is:
http://home.mcom.com/info/index.html ). Downloads andch simulates SLIP
through your dialup Unix shell account. If you only have non-Unix based
dialup shell access, or have no PC at home, your best option at this time is
to run Lynx on the VMS (or Unix, or...) system you call, or telnet to a
browser if yoous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu
in the directory Mosaic.
Netscape
From Netscape Communications Corp (URL is: http://home.mcom.com/info/index.html ). Downloads and displays images
incrementally while you read pages, which also display incrementally, making
it the best browser at the time of this writing for those who connect to the
web via modems. Also supports many extensions to HTML, although not all
conform to the proposed standard. Netscape is a commercial product but can be
evaluated free foran i management
routines. Available by anonymous FTP from vms.huji.ac.il in the directory
www/www_client.
Emacs w3-mode
A WWW browser for emacs. Runs under Xwindows, NeXTstep, VMS, OS/2, Windows
NT, Windows 3.1, AmigaDOS, or just about any Unix system. Adu.
Tom FineUs perlWWW
A tty-based browser written in perl. Available by anonymous FTP from
archive.cis.ohio-state.edu in the directory pub/w3browser as the file
w3browser-0.1.shar.
For VMS
Dudu RashtyUs full screen client based on VMSUs SMG screenl tool. Available by anonymous ftp from
info.cern.ch in the directory /pub/www/src.
The RLynxS full screen browser
This is a hypertext browser for vt100s using full screen, arrow keys,
highlighting, etc. Available by anonymous FTP from ftp2.cc.ukans.ecases your system administrator will have already installed one or
more of these packages; check before compiling your own copy.
Line Mode Browser
This program gives W3 readership to anyone with a dumb terminal. A general
purpose information retrievaease and expectations should be
set accordingly! Available by anonymous FTP from ftp.w3.org in the directory
pub/www/arena/ .
4.3.7: Text-mode Unix and VMS browsers
These are text-based browsers for Unix (and in some cases also VMS) systems.
In many a graphical version of emacs; see section 4.3.7.
Arena
ArenaUs primary purpose is to be a testbed for HTML Level 3 documents. As a
result, Arena supports many of the new and interesting features of HTML Level
3. As of this writing it is still in prerelaic in feel of the non-Motif X11 browsers.
Available for anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.unlv.edu in the directory
/pub/chimera.
Emacs w3 mode
The Emacs w3 mode supports multiple fonts, color, inline images, movies, and
the whole nine yards when run under e by anonymous FTP from ora.com in /pub/www/viola. More information
available at the URL http://xcf.berkeley.edu/ht/projects/viola/README.
Chimera
Unix/X Browser using Athena (doesnUt require Motif). Supports forms, inline
images, etc.; closest to Moswell.)
Viola for X (Beta)
Viola has two versions for Unix/X: one using Motif, one using Xlib (no
Motif). Handles HTML Level 3 forms and tables. Has extensions for multiple
columning, collapsible/expandable list, client-side document include.
Availablion] (followed by an
extension possibly dependent on the current version). Please ftp to the site
and look for the latest version (or use the link above). Supports WSYIWYG HTML editing.
MidasWWW Browser
A Unix/X browser from Tony Johnson. (Beta, works s expected in the future. (URL is:
http://www.quadralay.com/products/products.html#gwhis)
tkWWW Browser/Editor for X11
Unix Browser/Editor for X11. (Beta test version.) Available for anonymous ftp
from harbor.ecn.purdue.edu in the directory tkwww[extenstscape/
% ftp://ftp.meer.net/pub/Netscape/
% ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/Netscape/
Quadralay GWHIS Viewer (Commercial Mosaic)
Quadralay offers a commercial-grade (not free!) version of Mosaic for Unix
systems, with Windows and Macintosh version/ftp.uu.net/networking/info-service/www/mcc/
% ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/net/infosys/Mosaic_Comm/Netscape/
% ftp://ftp.icsi.net/pub/packages/netscape/
% ftp://www.sandia.gov/Netscape/
% ftp://lark.cc.ukans.edu/Netscape/
% ftp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/pub/nendefinite period of time by individuals.use by
individuals. Version 0.9 (available to the Available by anonymous FTP from
the following sites (use the mirror closest to you; see the URL above for the
latest list):
% ftp://ftp.mcom.com/netscape/
% ftp:/lso has fonts,
color, inline images, and mouse support if using Lemacs, Epoch, or Emacs 19.
Also works in local mode under DOS and on the Macintosh. Available by
anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.indiana.edu in the directory pub/elisp/w3.
4.3.8: VM/CMS Browsers
Albert
A WWW browser for the VM/CMS operating system. Available by anonymous FTP
from gopher.ufl.edu in the directory pub/vm/www/.
4.3.9: Batch-Mode Browsers
Batch mode browser
A batch-mode browser, url_get, which is available through the URe is work underway on automatic
mechanisms to catalog web sites). The best-known catalog, and the first, is
The WWW Virtual Library (URL is
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview.html ),
maintained by CERN. The Virtual Library is as, which
carries WWW announcements and many other Internet-related announcements.
4.5.2: Where is the subject catalog of the web?
There are several. There is no mechanism inherent in the web which forces the
creation of a single catalog (although theron the web and also of new
web-related tools. This should be in your hot list if youUre not using Mosaic
(which can access it directly through the help menu).
comp.internet.net-happinings
You can also check out the newsgroup comp.internet.net-happening when the net is very busy.
WhatUs New With NCSA Mosaic
The unofficial newspaper of the World Wide Web is WhatUs New With NCSA Mosaic
(URL is http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/whats-new.html ),
which carries announcements of new servers 4.5.1: How do I find out whatUs new on the web?
comp.infosystems.www.announce
The newsgroup comp.infosystems.www.announce carries announcements of new
resources on the World Wide Web. Since newsgroups are distributed, it can be
accessed reliably evenWAIS
% anything on an FTP site
% anything on Usenet
% anything accessible through telnet
% anything in hytelnet
% anything in hyper-g
% anything in techinfo
% anything in texinfo
% anything in the form of man pages
% sundry hypertext documents
heck it out if
it's interesting to you. Questions and problem notifications can be sent to
Ying-Da Lee (ylee@syl.dl.nec.com).
4.5: What is on the web?
Currently accessible through the web:
% anything served through gopher
% anything served through hing security requirements, that includes
a suitably modified version of Mosaic for X 2.0. Beware: such a version is
not supported by NCSA; we canUt help with questions or problems arising from
the modifications made by others. But, we encourage you to ctely
unsupported by NCSA, but here is the latest announcement:
November 15, 1993: C&C Software Technology Center (CSTC) of NEC Systems Lab
has made available a version of SOCKS, a package for running Internet clients
from behind firewalls without breacyour network
administrators to solve the problem, not against them.
An excerpt from the NCSA Mosaic FAQ:
NCSA Mosaic requires a direct internet connection to work, but some folks
have put together a package that works behind firewalls. This is complec from behind a firewall, please read the
following. In general, browsers can be made useful behind firewalls through
the use of a package called RSOCKSS; the source must be modified slightly and
rebuilt to accommodate this. Whenever possible, work with onfigured to run as a proxy. Furthermore, it
is able to perform caching of documents, resulting in faster response times.
If you cannot arrange to run a proxy server (definitely the recommended
approach), read on:
For information on using NCSA Mosaishion is useful.
4.4: How can I access the web through a firewall?
A proxy server is a specialized HTTP server which (typically) runs on a
firewall machine, providing access to the outside world for people inside the
firewall. The CERN httpd can be cL
http://www.utexas.edu/~zippy/url_get.html . It can be retrieved via anonymous
FTP to ftp.cc.utexas.edu, as the file /pub/zippy/url_get.tar.Z. This package
is intended for use in cron jobs and other settings in which fetching a page
in a command-line fa good place to find resources on
a particular subject, and has separate maintainers for many subject areas.
There is also a newer cataloging system called ALIWEB that requires very
little effort to maintain and is growing rapidly (URL is
http://web.nexor.co.uk/aliweb/doc/aliweb.html ).
4.5.3: How can I search through ALL web sites?
Several people have written robots which create indexes of web sites --
including sites which have not arranged to be mentioned in the newspapers and
catalogs above. other basic issues related to FTP, please read the
Usenet newsgroup news.announce.newusers.
Move the zip file to a new directory, and use an unzip program like pkunzip
to unzip it, producing the files WPLANY.EXE and WPLANY.DOC. Then edit the
MOSAIC.Iy sounds.
NCSA unfortunately recommend WHAM, which does not work well with a PC
speaker. Get the program WPLANY instead. You can find a copy nearby with an
Archie search on the string wplny; the current version is WPLNY09B.ZIP. For
details on archie andunds whenever you
start Windows, make a mistake, or exit Windows. If you do not want this, from
the Main/Control Panel/Sounds menu, make sure there is no X next to Enable
System Sounds.
Now, you need a sound viewer program that Mosaic can call to displae out as the driver is initialized. Change the settings to improve
the sound quality on the various sounds: tada, chimes, etc. Click OK when you
are finished and choose the Restart windows option.
Having installed the speaker driver, you will now get sory from
OEMSETUP.INF.
Now, you need to install the driver. In Windows, from the Program Manager
choose successively Main/Control Panel/Drivers/Add/Unlisted or updated
drivers/(enter path of SPEAK.EXE)/PC Speaker. At this point some strange
sounds comlib/MSLFILES/SPEAK.EXE or by doing an Archie
search to find it somewhere else. SPEAK.EXE is a self-extracting file. Copy
the speak.exe file to a new directory, and then type RSPEAKS at the DOS
prompt. Do not put the file SPEAKER.DRV in a separate directofor Microsoft Windows. Be warned in advance that
the results may be poor.
To get Mosaic to produce sound out of the PC speaker, first, you need a
driver for the speaker. You can get the Microsoft speaker driver from the URL
ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Soft
save it and otherwise muck about with it.
4.7: How can I get sound from the PC speaker with WinMosaic?
This piece of wisdom donated by Hunter Monroe:
This section explains how to install sound on a PC which already has a
working version of Mosaic ff when youUre done with it.
2. Choose view source and browse through the HTML source; find the URL for
the inline image of interest to you; copy and paste it into the ROpen URLS
window. This should load it into your image viewer instead, where you can
4.6: How can I save an inline image to disk?
Here are two ways:
1. Turn on load to local disk in your browser, if it has such an option;
then reload images. YouUll be prompted for filenames instead of seeing them
on the screen. Be sure to shut it ouzine.mt.cs.cmu.edu/mlm/lycos-home.html ) is another
web-indexing robot, which includes the ability to submit the URLs of your own
documents by hand, ensuring that they are available for searching.
You can read about other robots in the robots section. rm (URL is
http://www.cs.colorado.edu/home/mcbryan/WWWW.html ) builds its index based on
page titles and URL contents only. This is somewhat less inclusive, but pages
it finds are more likely to be an exact match with your needs.
% Lycos (URL is http://fe other hand, since it indexes the content
of documents, it may find many links that arenUt exactly what you had in
mind. However, it does a good job of sorting the documents it finds according
to how closely they match your search.
% World Wide Web Wo(Before writing your own robot, please read the section on
robots.)
Here are a few such automatic indexes you can search:
% WebCrawler (URL is
http://webcrawler.cs.washington.edu/WebCrawler/WebQuery.html ) builds an
impressively complete index; on thNI file to remove the RREMS before the line RTYPE9=audio/basicS.
Then, you need lines in the section below that read something like:
audio/basic=Sc:\wplany\wplany.exe %lsS audio/wav=Sc:\wplany\wplany.exe %lsS
where you have filled in the correct path for wplany.exe. The MOSAIC.INI file
delivered with Mosaic may have NOTEPAD.EXE on the audio/basic line, but this
will not work. Now, restart Mosaic, and you should now be able to produce
sounds. To check this, with Mosaic choose File/Local File/\WINDOWS\*.Wknow, IUll write a WWW-exploring robot! Why not?
Programs that automatically traverse the web can be quite useful, but have
the potential to make a serious mess of things. Robots have been written
which do a Rbreadth-firstS search of the web, exploring y a RfileProxyS which will fetch files
for you:
R*fileProxy: http://socks/S
If you do this, file: URLs are no longer strictly local accesses. So even if
the URL is not fttp:, the proxy server must be upgraded as Mr. Daniel suggests.
4.10: Hey, I t Content-type, then
use your local .mailcap file to tell Mosaic what viewer to use to look at the
document.
Russ Segal adds:
The answer from Ronald Daniel is essentially correct, but it needs a small
addendum.
When starting Moasic, you can specifred to supply a Content-type of text/plain if
they don't know what else to do. If this is the problem you are having, take
a look at the TypesConfig documentation for NCSAUs httpd. You can have the
server look at the filename extension, supply the correcthe MIME Content-type
Last-modified: Monday, 16-May-94 16:21:58 GMT
Content-length: 1727
Connection closed by foreign host.
idaknow:
In the example above, /Home.html will get http://www.acl.lanl.gov/Home.html .
Normally servers will be configu // you supply the blank line
HTTP/1.0 200 OK // the rest of this comes from the server
Date: Wednesday, 25-May-94 19:18:11 GMT
Server: NCSA/1.1
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/html // Here's
idaknow: telnet www.acl.lanl.gov 80 // Connect to the httpd server
Trying 128.165.148.3 ...
Connected to www.acl.lanl.gov.
Escape character is '^]'.
HEAD /Home.html HTTP/1.0 // replace Home.html with your document
pretty simple to find out if this really is the problem. Use telnet to
talk to the server and find out if it is assigning a MIME type to the
document in question. HereUs an example, looking at the home page for my
server. (idaknow: is my shell prompt)
use the HTTP/1.0 protocol, which means that they tell Mosaic (or
other browsers) what the documentUs MIME Content-type is. The servers use a
file very much like MosaicUs .mime.types file to infer the Content-type from
the filenameUs extension.
It is .mailcap and .mime.types files?
Answer provided by Ronald E. Daniel (rdaniel@acl.lanl.gov):
Mosaic only looks at the .mime.types file if it has no idea what the
documentUs type is. This is actually a very rare situation. Essentially all
servers now
now, neither the Windows or Mac versions of Mosaic support direct query of a
WAIS server (i.e. can act as wais clients themselves).
4.9: IUm running XMosaic. Why canUt I get external viewers working...
... No matter what no matter what I do to myor Unix as public domain
(freeWAIS). I donUt think there is such a library of routines for PC/Windows
or Mac, which would make it much more difficult for the Mosaic versions for
Windows and the Mac to add Rwais clientS capability. Therefore, at least forswer provided by Michael Grady (m-grady@uiuc.edu):
The version of Mosaic for X has Rwais clientS code built-in to it. This was
relatively easy for the developers to do, because there was already a set of
library routines for talking to WAIS available fAV and
then try to play TADA.WAV. Then, you might try the Mosaic Demo document for
some .AU sounds, but you are lucky if your speaker produces something you can
understand.
4.8: I have a Windows PC or Macintosh. Why canUt I access WAIS URLs?
This anmany sites in a
gradual fashion instead of aggressively Rrooting outS the pages of one site
at a time. Some of these robots now produce excellent indexes of information
available on the web.
But others have written simple depth-first searches which, at the worst, can
bring servers to their knees in minutes by recursively downloading
information from CGI script-based pages that contain an infinite number of
possible links. (Often robots canUt realize this!) Imagine what happens when
a robot decides
Adapter (TIA), a program which provides a pseudo-SLIP connection. The
remainder of this section focuses on TIA.
TIA is not free software, but there is a free two-week trial period and it is
very cheap to register.
So what do I run on my machine at hot on a Unix system, such as a
SunOS or Ultrix system, you can do one of two things: you can run SlipKnot, a
special browser which operates using programs that may already be installed
on your shell account (see section 4.3.1), or you can run The Internet osaicMail (URL is
http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/mhonarc.doc.html ), a Perl script which
pipes email and/or news to your current Mosaic session.
4.12: I canUt get SLIP. I want Mosaic. Is there a way?
YES! If you have a plain old Unix shell accoun shift
echo "goto" > $gfile
else
echo "newwin" > $gfile
fi
else
echo "newwin" > $gfile
fi
/bin/awk 'END { printf "'"$URL"'" }' > $gfile
trap "echo signal encountered" 30
kill -USR1 $pid
exit 0
See also M"USAGE: $0 [goto] [once] < USENET_msg" >&2
exit 1
fi
pid=`ps -xc | egrep '[Mm]osaic' | awk 'NR == 1 {print $1}'`
p=`which Mosaic`
gfile=/tmp/Mosaic.$pid
$p "$URL" &
if [ "$#" -gt 0 ] ; then
if [ "$1" = "goto" -o "$1" = "same" ] ; then
# article, otherwise a new one will be started.
# assumptions: ps command works as is on SunOS 4.1.x, may need changes
# on other platforms.
URL=`/bin/grep '^Message-ID:' | /bin/sed -e 's/.*.*//'`
if [ "X$URL" = "X" ]; then
echo for use with newsreaders such as trn. Piping the article
# through this command causes xmosaic to pop up, pointing to the
# article. If an existing xmosaic (version 1.1 or later) exists,
# the USR1 method will be used to cause it to point to the correct
ove,
invoking Rgoto-xmS instead of RreadwebpostS.) Read the comments for details
on the assumptions made by the script.
#! /bin/sh
# goto-xm, by Joseph T. Buck
# Modified heavily by Larry W. Virden
# Script inks enclosed in it will be live.
Larry W. Virden provides the following version which invokes Mosaic instead,
and is also capable of communicating with an already-running copy of Mosaic
instead of launching another. (You can use the same rn macro as abrticle.html < /dev/tty
rm .article.html
Then add the following line to your .rnmac file (create it if you don't
already have one):
W |readwebpost %C
Now, when you press RWS while reading a post in rn, a message will be sent to
Lynx, and the l in the file RreadwebpostS and use
the chmod command to make it executable, then put it somewhere in your path
(such as your personal bin directory):
#!/bin/sh
echo \ > .article.html
cat >> .article.html
echo \ >> .article.html
lynx .a depends greatly on your system; if you have a Mac or Windows
system, the answer is completely different. But, as food for thought, here is
a simple shell script I use on my Unix account to send posts from rn and
related newsreaders to Lynx. Put this textc/robots/robots.html ) and learn about the
emerging standards for exclusion of robots from areas in which they are not
wanted. You can also read about existing robots there.
4.11: How do I send newsgroup posts in HTML to my web client?
How to do thisto RindexS the CONTENTS of several hundred mpeg movies.
Shudder.
The moral: a robot that does what you want may already exist; if it doesnUt,
please study the document World Wide Web Robots, Wanderers and Spiders (URL
is: http://web.nexor.co.uk/mak/dome?
Exactly the same software you would use for real SLIP; as far as your PC is
concerned, it is a SLIP connection. If youUre unfamiliar with SLIP please
check out a newsgroup relevant to your particular type of PC (Windows, Mac,
etc). (This isnUt restricted to common systems; because all the emulation
happens on your Unix shell account, your client machine can run anything that
supports SLIP.)
Details, please! I'm confused.
Check out the TIA home page (URL is http://marketplace.com/tia/tiahome.htmo download the version
appropriate to your processor.) You can read a detailed announcement at the
FTP site, or by using the URL ftp://emwac.ed.ac.uk/pub/https/https.txt.
A professional version is also available (URL is http://emwac.ed.ac.uk/html/intern and MS Windows NT Servers
HTTPS (Windows NT)
HTTPS is a server for Windows NT systems, both Intel and Alpha -- based. It
is available via anonymous FTP from emwac.ed.ac.uk in the directory pub/https
(URL is ftp://emwac.ed.ac.uk/pub/https). (Be sure t
CERN servers. It provides text searching facilities as a standard feature.
5.2.2: Macintosh Servers
There is a server for the Macintosh, MacHTTP, available at the URL
http://www.uth.tmc.edu/mac_info/machttp_info.html .
5.2.3: MS Windows, IBM OS/2able at the URL
http://bsdi.com/server/doc/plexus.html .
WN Server
The WN Server, available at the URL
http://hopf.math.nwu.edu/docs/manual.html, is designed with an emphasis on
security and flexibility, and takes a different approach from the NCSA andalthough it does not have the server-side-script capabilities of the
NCSA and CERN servers. See the URL http://hopf.math.nwu.edu/.
Perl server
There is also a server written in the Perl scripting language, called Plexus,
for which documentation is availal copy of archie to search for RwwwS in order to find a nearby
site.
GN Gopher/HTTP server
The GN server is unique in that it can serve both WWW and Gopher clients (in
their native modes). This is a good server for those migrating from Gopher to
WWW, d the EIT httpd at the starter kit site (URL is
http://wsk.eit.com/wsk/doc/ ).
CERN httpd
CERNUs server is available for anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch (URL is
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Daemon/Status.html ) and many other places.
Use your locEIT httpd
EIT has created the WebmasterUs Starter Kit, which installs their WWW server
on your system via the web through a painless forms interface. Recommended
for those unfamiliar with server installation. You can learn more about the
starter kit anxt/WWW/Daemon/Overview.html for more
information on writing servers and gateways in general.
5.2.1: Unix Servers
NCSA httpd
NCSA has released a server, known as the NCSA httpd; it is available at the
URL ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Web/ncsa_httpd .
e
can be no off-machine access.
5.2: Obtaining Servers
Servers are available for Unix, Macintosh, MS Windows, Windows NT, OS/2, and
VMS systems. If you know of a server for another operating system, please
contact me.
See http://info.cern.ch/hyperteathan Torkington, available at the URL
http://www.vuw.ac.nz/who/Nathan.Torkington/ideas/www-servers.html .
If you only want to provide information to local users, placing your
information in local files is also an option. This means, however, that ther, RgatewayS programs that convert an existing information format
to hypertext, or a non-HTTP server that WWW browsers can access -- anonymous
FTP or gopher, for example.
To learn more about World Wide Web servers, you can consult a www server
primer by N to the web?
Information providers run programs that the browsers can obtain hypertext
from. These programs can either be WWW servers that understand the HyperText
Transfer Protocol HTTP (best if you are creating your information database
from scratch)l),
or send email to info@marketplace.com and request details about TIA.
If you have a Macintosh, check out the Macintosh TIA UsersU FAQ (URL is:
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/bi/billa/tia/faq.html ) for additional help.
5.1: How can I provide informationet_toolchest/https/prof.htm ).
NCSA httpd for Windows
The NCSA httpd for Windows has most of the features of the Unix version,
including scripts (which generate pages on the fly based on user input). It
is available by anonymous FTP from the ftp site ftp.alisa.com in the
directory pub/win-httpd, and documentation can be found at the URL
http://www.alisa.com/win-httpd/index.html .
SerWeb
A simple, effective server for Windows writtten by Gustavo Estrella.
Available by anonymous ftp from winftp.cicfind a plain text version (at the URL
ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/ncsapubs/WWW/HTMLPrimer.txt) and a compressed
Postscript version (at the URL
ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/ncsapubs/WWW/HTMLPrimer.ps.Z). (Since the latter two
are FTP URLs, you can fetch them by you would expect. If youUre used to marking up text in any way (even
red-pencilling it), HTML should be rather intuitive.
A beginnerUs guide to HTML is available at the URL
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimer.html . You can also
documents yourself
You can write an HTML document with any text editor. Try the RsourceS button
of your browser (or Rsave asS HTML) to look at the HTML for a page you find
particularly interesting. The odds are that it will be a great deal simpler
thanourself, which is not
a very difficult skill to acquire, using an HTML editor, which assists in
doing the above, and converting documents in other formats to HTML. The
following three sections cover these possibilities in sequence.
5.3.1: Writing HTML lso
available by anonymous FTP from ftp.netcom.com in the directory
pub/bo/boutell/faq.
5.3: Producing HTML documents
HTML is the simple markup system used to create hypertext documents. There
are three ways to produce HTML documents: writing them ythe VM/CMS
Browsers section.
5.2.8: Yeah, but which is best?
To find out which server is best for your needs, you will want to consult
Paul HoffmanUs Server Comparison Chart (URL is
http://sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/faq/chart.html ). That document is aunysb.edu/AMosaic/home.html for details.
5.2.7: VM/CMS Servers
A VM/CMS web server is available; see the URL
http://ua1vm.ua.edu/~troth/rickvmsw/rickvmsw.html for more information. If
you donUt yet have a web browser to try this URL with, check out rver avoids this overhead. Available at the URL
http://kcgl1.eng.ohio-state.edu/www/doc/serverinfo.html .
5.2.6: Amiga Servers
NCSAUs Unix server has been ported to the Amiga, and is bundled with the
AMosaic browser. See the URL
http://insti.physics.sve VMS server which uses DECthreads(tm). This is a potentially major
performance advantage because VMS has a high overhead for each process, which
is a problem for the frequently-forking NCSA and CERN servers that began life
under Unix. A multithreaded seis
http://www.glaci.com/info/glaci-httpd.html ).
5.2.5: VMS Servers
CERN HTTP for VMS
A port of the CERN server to VMS. Available at the URL
http://delonline.cern.ch/disk$user/duns/doc/vms/distribution.html .
Region 6 Threaded HTTP Server
A natiers. It can be obtained via anonymous FTP from one of the
following sites:
inorganic5.chem.ufl.edu
biochemistry.cwru.edu
GLACI-HTTPD
GLACI-HTTPD is a Netware Loadable Module which allows a Novell NetWare server
to become a World Wide Web server (URL w.html ) for details, or fetch the
package by anonymous FTP from ftp.netcom.com in the directory pub/kf/kfan.
5.2.4: MSDOS and Novell Netware Servers
KA9Q
KA9Q NOS (nos11c.exe) is a internet server package for DOS that includes HTTP
and Gopher serv
WEB4HAM
Another Windows-based server, available by anonymous FTP from
ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de as /pub/net/winsock/web4ham.zip.
OS2HTTPD
An OS/2 server, written by Frankie Fan. See the home page (URL is
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/kf/kfan/overviea.indiana.edu (or one of its mirror
sites, such as nic.switch.ch), as the file serweb03.zip, in the directory
/pub/pc/win3/winsock.
There is also a Windows NT version of SerWeb, available by anonymous FTP from
emwac.ed.ac.uk as /pub/serweb/serweb_i.zip. hand using FTP if you do not yet have a
web browser.)
There is also an HTML primer by Nathan Torkington at the URL
http://www.vuw.ac.nz/who/Nathan.Torkington/ideas/www-html.html .
5.3.2: HTML editors
Of course, most folks would still prefer to use a friendlier, graphical
editor. Some editors are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), or close to
it; others simply assist you in writing HTML by plugging in the desired
markup tags for you from a menu.
Fans of the EMACS editor can use EMACS and htntosh users, there is a near-WYSIWYG package called HTML Editor (URL
is http://dragon.acadiau.ca:1667/~giles/HTML_Editor).
ANT_HTML is a Word for the Macintosh template designed to convert Word
documents into HTML documents in a WYSIWYG environment. Itbsd.uchicago.edu in the pub/phoenix
subdirectory.
Also for X users, there is a package called htmltext which supports WYSIWYG
HTML editing. More information is available at the URL
http://web.cs.city.ac.uk/homes/njw/htmltext/htmltext.html .
For Maciter creating them.
Another editor for X users: Phoenix (URL is
http://www.bsd.uchicago.edu/ftp/pub/phoenix/README.html ) is a fully WYSIWYG
HTML editor which insulates the user from direct control of the HTML tags.
Available by anonymous FTP from www.use it with the HTML DTD (URL is
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/DTDHeading.html ).
An editor for all X users: TkWWW (listed above under X browsers) supports
WYSIWYG HTML editing; and since itUs a browser, you can try out links
immediately afpported version is available
for purchase from SoftQuad and its resellers.
Also see Gabriel WhiteUs reviews of MS Windows HTML editors (URL is
http://werple.mira.net.au/%7Egabriel/web/html/editors/ ). Another option, if
you have an SGML editor, is to n cleaning up old ones. A Publish command changes appropriate
SRC and HREF attributes from local paths to http locations. For more
information, FTP the README file from the same directory, or send email to
hotmetal@sq.com. A HoTMetaL Pro commercially susk (6MB of RAM
minimum for MS Windows; swap files count). Other Unix systems may be
supported by the time you read this; have a look on one of the sites above.
Because it is context-sensitive, HoTMetaL guides users in creating new HTML
documents and iuk/SoftQuad
%
% ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/WWW/ncsa/html/hotmetal/
%
% ftp://askhp.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/infosystems/mosaic/contrib/SoftQuad
%
% ftp://ftp.cs.concordia.ca/pub/www
%
You need a Sun SPARC or Microsoft Windows system and 6MB of di users need at least 6 megabytes of free memory. (A 2-megabyte
swap file should just barely do the trick on a 4MB machine.)
Known mirrors:
% ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Web/html/hotmetal/
%
% ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/SGML/HoTMetaL
%
% ftp://sgml1.ex.ac. you canUt get
through to one, try another, donUt give up! ThatUs what mirror sites are for.
(Also be sure to use the copy closest to you geographically if possible.)
Hotmetal is available for both Sun Sparc systems and Windows systems; note
that WindowsASCII, RTF, or any other format possible
in Word 6.0. Contact jswift@freenet.fsu.edu if you need more information.
A WYSIWYG editor for the Web, SoftQuad HoTMetaL, is available for downloading
at NCSA and numerous other sites. Many mirror sites exist; ifT_HTML.DOT is a Word for Windows 6.0 template designed to convert Word
documents into HTML documents in a WYSIWYG environment. It includes a demo
version of the ANT_PLUS utility, which converts HTML files to WYSIWYG.
ANT_PLUS also converts HTML files to or called HTML Assistant with
features to assist in the creation of HTML documents. It can be had by
anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.dal.ca in the directory /htmlasst/. Read the
README.1ST file in this directory for information on which files to download.
ANml-helper-mode , an EMACS mode
for HTML editing (URL is http://www.reed.edu/~nelson/tools/).
There is also another Emacs HTML mode, html-mode.el (URL is
ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Web/html/elisp/html-mode.el).
For Microsoft Windows users, there is an edit includes a demo
version of the ANT_PLUS utility, which converts HTML files to WYSIWYG.
ANT_PLUS also converts HTML files to ASCII, RTF, or any other format possible
in Word. At the time of this writing it was scheduled to have been released
on the Macintosh (it has long been available for Windows). Contact
jswift@freenet.fsu.edu for more information. Also for Macintosh users, the
BBEdit HTML extensions allow the BBEdit and BBEdit Lite text editors for the
Macintosh to conveniently edit HTML documents.a newsgroup first to familiarize yourself
before posting to it.
% Submit it to the NCSA WhatUs New Page at the URL
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/whats-new.html (see the
page for details on how to submit your listing!).
% Post it torectory pub/htmlchek.
5.4: How do I publicize my work?
There are several things you can do to publicize your new HTML server or
other offering:
% Post to comp.infosystems.www.announce. PLEASE READ THE CHARTER POSTING
FIRST. In general, always read s HTML
documents for errors, creates a cross-reference, automatically expands
entities (such as European characters) to their proper HTML form, and
performs other useful services. htmlchek is available by anonymous FTP from
ftp.cs.buffalo.edu in the dian even try it out over the web
through an HTML form. The script is available by anonymous FTP from
ftp.khoros.unm.edu in the directory pub/perl/www.
Another such tool is htmlchek (URL is:
http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~churchh/htmlchek.html ), which checktent resources, such as pages that have
moved (URL is
http://wsk.eit.com/wsk/dist/doc/admin/webtest/verify_links.html).
Also try weblint
(URL is http://www.khoros.unm.edu/staff/neilb/weblint.html ), a Perl script
that checks your HTML for errors; you cL documents for errors according to the latest specification;
note that you are encouraged to set up the program on your own system if you
make heavy use of the form. There is also a tool which will check the links
in your documents for links to nonexisml/release.htm .
5.3.4: Checking your HTML for errors
Tools to validate your HTML documents (check them for errors) are available.
There is a form at the URL
http://www.hal.com/%7Econnolly/html-test/service/validation-form.html which
will check HTMsuch as VMS require you to quote mixed-case URLs when
launching a borwser from the command line. This is NOT a bug in the browser.)
There is also a Word for Windows template for writing HTML documents,
available at the URL http://www.gatech.edu/word_htess WYSIWYG editing using various word processors:
Rich Brandwein and Mike SendallUs List at CERN (URL is
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Tools/Filters.html ).
(Note that this URL contains uppercase and lowercase letters; certain
operating systems he URL in
double-quotes (SURLS).
5.3.3: Converting other formats to HTML
There is a collection of filters for converting your existing documents (in
TeX and other non-HTML formats) into HTML automatically, including filters
that can allow more or lns uppercase and lowercase letters; certain
operating systems wonUt allow mixed case on the command line, or will only
allow it if it is quoted (VMS), so if you are launching Lynx or another
client and specifying a URL at the command line, try quoting t/Mosaic/Docs/faq-software.html#editors,
mentions several editors, including two for MS Windows. In some cases, the
editor amounts to a set of macros for an existing word processor, which can
provide a near-WYSIWYG environment.
Note that this URL contaiRL is
http://www.york.ac.uk/~ld11/BBEditTools.html ). it is available by FTP from
ftp.york.ac.uk in the directory /pub/users/ld11/BBEdit_HTML_Tools.sea.hqx.
NCSAUs List of Filters and Editors, for which the URL is
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software (URL is
http://www.uji.es/bbedit-html-extensions.html .) You can also obtain the
extensions package by anonymous ftp from sumex-aim.stanford.edu as
info-mac/bbedit-html-ext-b3.hqx.
There is an alternative BBEdit extension package available as well (U the newsgroup comp.infosystems.announce. Please read the group
first to get a feel for the contents. You should not post to
comp.infosystems.www.users,.misc,.providers, etc., but if you feel compelled
to do so, please choose .misc as announcements are of interest to both
providers and users (and those who wear both hats).
% Submit it to the maintainers of various catalogs, such as the WWW Virtual
Library (at the URL
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview.html ) and the
ALIWEB ouUre using all of your line for HTML pages, each
of which takes 5 seconds to send, so your server is sending 12 pages a
minute, or 720 pages an hour, or 17,000 pages a day (pages, not accesses;
each inline image in a page generates an access, unless the g very large animations, this should
be sufficient for anything you want to serve. More would be faster, but it
also gets drastically more expensive.
Given the above guidelines, letUs look at simultaneous access again. Under
the worst case conditions, yages, itUs 150K. That should cover any
reasonable HTML document, and small to medium external files. An MPEG movie
might be a bit much.
With a T1 line assumed to be sending 150K/second, you get 750K of HTML, or
4.5 megabytes in an external file. Barrin or 40K, which is still a small
image. If you have a 28.8 line, you get to double those figures; for a 9600
line, figure 2/3rds of that size.
On a 56K leased line assumed to be sending 5K/second, you get 25K of HTML, or
mixed HTML/data. For external imyou get 4 * 1.4 or 5.6K of HTML. If you want to include a
single inline image, thatUs 2 seconds of startup, so youUre down to 3 * 1.4
or 4.2K of HTML + image. This means smallish HTML pages, and simple inline
images. For external files, you get 29 * 1.4modem lines, this is
nearly a second for each HTTP connection, which is significant. For leased
lines, itUs more like .1 or .2 seconds, which is not significant.
On a 14.4 line assumed to be sending 1.4K bytes of data/second, with a 1
second startup, the line, compression on modem lines, and anything
thatUs less than 10% of the total (or even a little bit more than 10%).
The one simplification not to ignore is the multiple packet round-trips it
takes to get data flowing through an HTTP channel. For /etc is:
It should take at most 30 seconds to send an external file.
Given these rules, itUs pretty straightforward to work out how large an HTML
page and external files can be. At least, itUs easy after you simplify things
by ignoring IP overhead on ow.
Since external images/audio/etc. are somewhat exceptional, allow more time
for them. If you think they should have the same restrictions as above, buy
the bandwidth your site will need to do so. However, the rule of thumb for
external images/audio rule of thumb is:
It should take at most 5 seconds to send a page.
The five second rule dates from command line days, when that was about how
long people would wait before getting impatient with the system. It seems
like a reasonable number to use n thumb is:
Don't worry about simultaneous access.
Unless you have a very large site, simultaneous access is not a problem. If
you have a very large site, you need as much bandwidth as you can afford.
There is a bit more about this below.
The seconder (mwm@contessa.phone.net).
The answer is It depends. What it depends on is what kind of things you want
to provide on your server. Here are some rules of thumb to use when deciding
what kind of connection you need for your server.
The first rule ofist of sites offering WWW space for lease is available (at
the URL http://union.ncsa.uiuc.edu/www/leasing.shtml ).
5.6: How fast does my net connection need to be?
The following response to this very-frequently-asked-question was provided by
Mike Meyindex (at the URL http://web.nexor.co.uk/aliweb/doc/aliweb.html ).
% Read Gareth ReesU guide to publishing on the World Wide Web. (URL is
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/gdr11/publish.html ).
5.5: Can I buy space on an existing server?
Yes, you can. A lclient cached
it). This makes you one of the busier sites on the web. While youUll have
contention problems before you get to this point, anything but a modem
connection will be sending most pages in a small fraction of five seconds,
which should leave plenty of bandwidth with no contention. If you have this
kind of access rates on a modem line, you should seriously consider upgrading your connection.
The bottom line on simultaneous access is that the WWW server is more likely
to have contention wit do this, more "cleanly" (ok, ok, I hear your groans).
HTTP now supports a response code of 204, which is no operation. Some
browsers such as Mosaic/X 2.* support it. To use it, make your script a nph
script and output an HTTP/1.0 204 header. Somethingvisible result. That is, not text/plain, not text/HTML, not
: image/gif. The entire results are the side effects of the
: script and nothing should be returned to the viewer.
: It would be nice to have an internally supported null viewer
: so that I couldo
possibilities.
Rob McCool of NCSA provided the following wisdom on the subject:
Yechezkal-Shimon Gutfreund (sg04@gte.com) wrote:
: Ok, here is another bizzare request from me:
: I am currently running scripts which I "DO NOT" want to return
: any S that doesnUt load a new page?
Such links are useful when a form is intended to perform some action on the
server machine without sending new information to the client, or when a user
has clicked in an undefined area in an image map; these are just twkit has
been installed, Tkmapedit provides a WYSIWYG imagemap editor which is capable
of directly testing links if the tkWWW web browser is available. Available by
anonymous FTP from the TCL archive on ftp.aud.alcatel.com.
5.7.2: How do I make a Rlinkis found in the same directory).
Alternatively, you may want to use MacMapMaker, also available from
ftp://ftp.uwtc.washington.edu/pub/Mac/Network/WWW (the same directory).
Tkmapedit
For Unix systems and other systems on which the Tk/Tcl language toolml )
WebMap
On the Macintosh, you may want to use WebMap (URL is
ftp://ftp.uwtc.washington.edu/pub/Mac/Network/WWW ). . It produces both NCSA
and CERN-compatible maps, which can also be used with MacImagemap and a
Macintosh-based server (MacImagemap ld like to make an
entire directory of images available (but note that you should also make
textual links to allow those with text- based browsers to download the images
for external viewing). (URL is:
http://icg.stwing.upenn.edu:80/~mengwong/mapmaker.ht for Microsoft Windows and the X Window System.
MapMaker
For users of John BradleyUs xv image display software for the X Window
System, Mapmaker can turn the miniature images created by xvUs Visual
Schnauzer into an imagemap. This is useful if you wou. So read your server
documentation, and don't waste time making maps before making sure you have
the necessary tools to deliver them.
Mapedit
Mapedit (URL is: http://sunsite.unc.edu/boutell/mapedit/mapedit.html ) is a
WYSIWYG imagemap editing tooland a cooperative web server administrator. It is not usually as
simple as wrapping a link around an IMG SRC tag and adding the ISMAP
directive; the server must also be told about the map file, and the way to
accomplish this varies from server to servere URL
http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/setup/admin/Imagemap.html .
Using imagemaps requires that you create a map file; you can do this by hand
or with a WYSIWYG tool.
VERY IMPORTANT: Creating imagemaps requires a real web server (not an FTP
server) ndicate in HTML that you want an
image to be clickable, and how to configure your server to do something with
the clicks returned by Mosaic, Chimera, and other clients capable of
delivering them.
You can read about image maps and the NCSA server at thh other uses of the line than with itself. Since I
don't know what else you use your line for, I canUt factor it in. You'll have
to consider that issue yourself.
5.7.1: How do I set up a clickable image map?
There are really two issues here: how to i like:
HTTP/1.0 204 No response Server: Myscript/NCSA httpd 1.1
(You can learn more about nph scripts from the NCSA server documentation at
the URL http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs.) Essentially they are scripts that
handle their own HTTP response codes.
5.7.3: Where can I learn how to create fill-out forms?
Writing an HTML form is easy, but the form doesnUt accomplish anything until
you write a CGI program to interpret the results on the server side! For more
information, see section 5.7.14.
HTML Level 3 and outputs html using the
...
construct to represent
tables, allowing you to write HTML Level 3 now, knowing that it will look
better when clients are ready for it.
5.7.6: What is HTML Level 3 and where can I learn more about e.unc.edu in the directory
pub/packages/infosystems/WWW/tools/html+tables.shar. This package requires
the shell language Perl, which is primarily used on Unix systems but is also
available for other systems (such as MSDOS machines). html+tables accepts g you to design proper tables and install those
pages directly when table support arrives in the majority of clients. You can
do this using the html+tables package, by Brooks Cutter
(bcutter@paradyne.com), which is available for anonymous ftp from
sunsitmost implementations are incomplete. In some implementations, at the time of
this writing, text in tables cannot be selected and/or cannot be a link.
However, there is a way to use HTML Level 3 tables now and convert them
automatically to HTML, allowind stop using
...
?
Tables are a standard feature in HTML Level 3, a new version of HTML.
Unfortunately, they are at present implemented only by the latest NCSA Mosaic
versions and the Viola and Emacs-W3 browsers, to my knowledge. In addition,
uld otherwise be
shown to the user, since some browsers (notably Mosaic) will still pay
attention to tags inside the comment and close it prematurely.
Thanks to Joe English for clearing up this issue.
5.7.5: How can I create decent-looking tables ante that comments do not nest, and the sequence
-- may not appear inside a comment except as part of the closing --> tag.
(It's officially allowed, but some browsers wonUt handle it properly.)
You should not try to use this to Rcomment outS HTML that wont types of
comment forms.
If you want to learn how these forms actually work, see section 5.7.14.
5.7.4: How do I comment an HTML document?
Use the tag. No known as the WWW Mailto Gateway (URL is
http://www.mps.ohio-state.edu/mailto/mailto_info.html ). GetComments (URL is:
http://everest.cs.ucdavis.edu/~hoagland/getcomments.html) is a more general
package, also written in Perl, which can handle many differe CGI scripts, you can create a
form which sends mail to you from any browser that supports forms. I've
written a simple email forms package (URL is:
http://siva.cshl.org/email/index.html ), which does it in ANSI C. There is
also a package written in Perl,mailto: URL. Perhaps 80% of
web users will be able to use such a link. But not all browsers support it.
Installing an email form
If you have access to the serverUs configuration files, or if your server
administrator permits users to create their own5.7.3.2: How can users send me email through their browsers?
There are two ways:
Using a mailto: URL
You can simply create a link which looks like this:
Send Me Mail
This works great for browsers that support the turned with form">
By now, most browsers can handle the hidden type, but understand that some
browsers will fail to hide the field (and probably confuse the user). Note
that RhiddenS doesnUt mean RsecretS; the user can always click on view
source.
See the section on email forms for a simple solution to the most commonly
desired form.
5.7.3.1: How can I create hidden fields in forms (keeping state)?
Use INPUT TYPE=hidden. An example:
Rabbit.rgm Sacramento Fax Service
Digital Chicken
Swedish University Network
InterFax
FAXiNET
Unigate
RadioMail
Legal Stuff
Where to Find this Document
*** Can I send a fax from the In document is brand new and in
transition. If you notice that an Internet fax service is missing, or
information herein needs updating, please send e-mail to "savetz@rahul.net".
*** Table of Contents
Can I send a fax from the Internet?
TPC.INT Remote P Q: How can I send a fax from the Internet?
version 0.4 - 19 June 1994
Send comments & updates to Kevin Savetz .
This document is copyright 1994 by Kevin M. Savetz. All rights reserved. More
legal stuff is near the end of this file. This
FAXING OVER THE INTERNET
From: Kevin Savetz
Subject: FAQ: How can I send a fax from the Internet? (v. 0.4)
Date: Sun, 19 Jun 1994 15:41:14 -0700 (PDT)
Archive-name: internet-services/fax-faq
Last-Modified: 1994/6/19
Version: 0.4
FA uter!
########
DF also provides encouragement and support to
programmers working on Apple // projects we think may be able to have an
Apple /// application as well.
22) OK - I'M STUMPED - WHAT IS A SARASAUR?
Anyone who still loves the Apple /// as a great comp Superdrive driver and BOS3 - the first
upgrade to SOS in some 10 years. Although hopes to fund a new
communications program are on hold, we are working on some other projects -
including a driver for the popular ZIP Drive ( a definate go!).
The S Established by Washington Apple Pi, the SDF is used to help fund
specific software projects for the ///. Through donations and contributions
from WAP and ATUNC (the old Apple Three Users of Northern California), the
SDF helped fund the development of aa), out comes a freshly-minted fax. You can send a fax to multiple
fax machines, or even a combination of faxes and traditional e-mail
recipients. After the deed is done, you will receive electronic mail telling
you if your fax was successfully sent or not. The service is free.
You can't send a fax just anywhere with this service. A variety of companies,
institutions and citizens linked to the Internet have joined the experiment
by linking a computer and fax modem to the 'net. When an organization joins - please don't ask me for more information. If you know more
details please tell me. Thanks to Fredrik Ekman for the info!}
The Swedish University Computer Network (sunet) has a national fax service
that can be used by anyone at no cost. Users in Swedeor more information , e-mail: "riley@chicken.planet.org".
*** Swedish University Network
{Disclaimer: I know very little about this fax service. I haven't tried it
myself, although I have been told that this service "works very well." This
is
all I know management of Digital Chicken, the
service will be shut down in the near future: there's a branch of theTPC.INT
remote faxing service (explained above) that covers Canada. The management
feels there is no need for two fax services covering the area.
Fome legislators fax numbers in the Sacramento area,
send e-mail:
To: request@rabbit.rgm.com
Subject: 050
*** Digital Chicken
Digital Chicken is - or was - a service that let users send faxes to Canadian
government and citizens. According to theax service, send e-mail
To: faxline@rabbit.rgm.com
Subject: local (7 digit) phone number, without area code
Body:
For complete usage information, send e-mail
To: faxline@rabbit.rgm.com
Subject: 052
For a list of sreach you. It does not support
multiple addressing: only one fax number per message. It also does
not send a cover page, so be sure to start direct you fax to
someone's attention. It will truncate faxes longer than two pages
- 132 lines.
To use this f areas that are a local
call from Sacramento, including the California State Legislature.
This service is run as a hobby and is connected to the Internet by
UUCP, so it can take from 12 to 24 hours for your fax to be
delivered or for the help files to tions (automated reply)
tpc-rp-request@aarnet.edu.au - discussion list maintainer (human)
*** Rabbit.rgm Sacramento Fax Service
This service is a feature of a Sacramento, California-based bulletin
board system. You can use it to send faxes toe-printer.Arlo Cats/Room 123@2.1.2.1.5.5.5.2.0.2.1.tpc.int
The following addresses can be used to obtain more information:
tpc-coverage@town.hall.org - current fax coverage (automated reply)
tpc-faq@town.hall.org - Frequently Asked Ques
Please deliver this facsimile to:
Arlo Cats
Room 123
Note: There's another way to address faxes which seems to work more reliable
sometimes. Note that the phone number is backwards and the numbers are
separated by periods.
To: remotrmation for the cover page. In , "/" is
turned into line breaks and " " is turned into spaces. For example, the
address:
To: remote-printer.Arlo Cats/Room 123@12025551212.iddd.tpc.int
Would send a fax to +1-202-555-1212 with the cover page:ent changes/additions to this service:
*6/94: Relay cell servicing the +1-416 and +1-905 area codes has
been taken out of service.
To send a fax by e-mail, send a message
To: remote-printer.@phonenumber.iddd.tpc.int
Where contains infoif any participating fax machines cover the area to
which you want to send a fax. If so, your message is routed to the
appropriate machine for faxation. Otherwise, you will receive electronic mail
informing you the fax couldn't be delivered.
News of rec
as a remote-fax server, it specifies what areas to which they are willing to
send faxes. When you send an e-mail fax message, you (naturally) must include
the phone number of the recipient's fax machine. A computer looks at the
phone number and decides n can use it to send
faxes all over the world but users outside Sweden can only use it for
telephone numbers within Sweden.
To send a fax to Arlo Cats +46-87654321 (that's international notation for
Sweden, phone number 08/765 43 21) send e-mail to:
Arlo Cats@F087654321.fax.sunet.se
Note that you will always have to preface the phone number with the letter
"F" for "fax".
For more information, e-mail "faxmaster@fax.sunet.se".
*** InterFax
InterFax allows you to send faxes via e-mail within the US n for the following types of distribution is hereby granted,
provided that this file is distributed intact, including the above copyright
notice:
- non-commercial distribution
- posting to Internet archives, BBSs and online services
- distrne-way
communications on the Newton. The RadioMail software is built in to devices
that will be available this summer, including the Envoy from Motorola."
***Legal Stuff
This document is copyright 1994 by Kevin M. Savetz. All rights reserved.
Permissioan work using a wireless modem. To become a
RadioMail subscriber, users need a wireless modem and the special RadioMail
software. According to the company, "RadioMail supports DOS computers,
Macintosh computers and HP Palmtops in addition to providing olled at the rate of 99 cents per page. The rate for
international
faxes depends on the destination country: $0.99, $1.99, $3.99 or $4.99 per
page.
RadioMail stands out because the service doesn't require that you have access
to a telephone line - it ce Laos and Solomon Island. For instructions, send e-mail to
"RadioHelp@radiomail.net".
All fax messages are charged on a per-page basis. The cover-sheet is sent
free of charge. All messages are subject to a one-page minimum charge.
Domestic faxes are bi.
*** RadioMail
This e-mail-to-fax service lets you send faxes to just about any country you
can name. Prices vary accordingly - it's much less expensive to send a fax to
a "well-connected" country (like Canada and Sweden) than less-connected
places likrom Russia to Europe: 2.59 / page
For postal-mail service USA-Russia: $1.00 / page
snail-mail service from Russia to Canada: 1.50 / page
snail-mail service from Russia to Europe: 1.79 / page
For more information, e-mail "yuri@atmos.washington.edu"to, Unigate is probably much less expensive than however
you're doing it
now: fax service from USA to Russia (or back) is $1.59 per page:
For fax service USA to Russia: $1.59 / page
fax service from Russia to Canada: 1.79 / page
fax service fend faxes to
Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. It also allows you to
receive faxes as electronic mail. Unigate is a commercial service that also
handles "snail mail." Most of us probably don't need to fax Russia, but if
you should need st. Corporate accounts are
also available. More information is available from AnyWare Associates,
FAXiNET, 32 Woodland Road, Boston, MA 02130. (617) 522-8102. E-mail:
sales@awa.com
*** Unigate
Unigate is another pay-for-use service that allows you to sr you, which will be delivered to you via electronic mail.
Accounts for individuals cost 75 cents per page, plus a one-time $20
activation fee. Additional services, including adding your custom logo and
signature to your faxes, are available at extra co8.
*** FAXiNET
Another fax-by-mail service is FAXiNET, which lets you send any text (ASCII)
or PostScript documents to fax machines worldwide. FAXiNET can send faxes to
more than 50 countries and plans to add more. The company can also receive
faxes fo first five fax pages. Additional pages cost 50 cents each. There is a
one-time sign-up charge of $25. For further information, send e-mail to
faxmaster@pan.com, or contact InterFax at PO Box 162, Skippack, PA 19474 USA.
(215) 584-0300. Fax: (215)584-103or internationally.
InterFax is a fee-based service (billed to your credit card) but, unlike the
services listed above, InterFax lets you send faxes anywhere, not just select
locations. As of this writing, InterFax costs $5 per month, which includes
theibution by teachers, librarians and Internet trainers
- inclusion on software/FAQ/Internet-oriented CD-ROMS
Permission for commercial distribution may be obtained from the editor. SHARE
THIS INFORMATION FREELY AND IN GOOD FAITH. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE MODIFIED
VERSIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT.
This document is new and in transition. If you notice that something
important is missing, or information herein needs updating, please contact
the editor.
The editor and contributors have developed this FAQ as a service O 6 $ * B FAQS.1E fo/Technical/net-fax.faq
You can get it using Gopher:
gopher://gopher.eff.org/11/Net info/Technical, net-fax.faq
###end of document###
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Body:
You can receive it via anonymous FTP:
rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/fax-faq
ftp.eff.org:/pub/Net into the subscription program. To subscribe, send e-mail:
To: savetz@rahul.net
Subject: subscribe fax-faq
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You can also receive it once via electronic mail (without subscribing to
automatic updates). Again, the request must beh updates every
few weeks. Note that the following address is my personal e-mail box,
filtered by a very simple mail filter. Your request must go in the SUBJECT
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box rather than h of each month) to the
Usenet newsgroups alt.internet.services, alt.online-service,
alt.bbs.internet,
alt.answers and news.answers.
You can receive each new edition of this document automatically via
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sent to Kevin Savetz at "savetz@rahul.net" (Internet) or "savetz" (America
Online.) Please indicate what version of this document to which you are
referring.
*** Where to Find this Document
This file is posted twice monthly (on the 5th and 19tis document current, remember that the
Internet and its services are constantly changing, so don't be surprised if
you happen across statements which are obsolete. If you do, please send
corrections to the editor. Corrections, questions, and comments sh to the
Internet community. We hope you find it useful. This FAQ is purely a
volunteer effort. Although every effort has been made to insure that answers
are as accurate as possible, no guarantee is implied or intended.
While the editor tries to keep th